Antiulcer Activity of Cassia mimosoides Bark Extract and Its Comparison with Ranitidine in Shay Rat.

P.K. Panda¹, V.J. Patro³, P.K. Mohanty²*, S.K. Panda¹ and Y.A. Jaliwalla²

¹Deptt. of Pharmacy, Utkal University Bhubaneswar,754004 Orissa

²VNS Institute of Pharmacy, Bhopal, 462044(MP)

³CPS Mohuda, Berampur, Orissa

ABSTRACT:

Methanolic extract of Cassia Mimosoides bark was tested for its anti gastric ulcer activity in shay rat model. Oral dose with 5mg/kg body weight of ranitidine was found complete absence of ulceration. The anti gastric ulcer activity of Cassia Mimosoides Methanolic extract 800mg/kg body weight was found equal to the effect produced by 5mg/kg Ranitidine in shay rat.

KEYWORDS: Cassia Mimosoides,Methanolic Extract,Free acidity,Total acidity,Peptic activity

INTRODUCTION:

Ranitidine is found useful to heal the gastric ulcer and are used in the treatment of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer¹. According to the belief of ayurvedic physicians, ulcer formation occurs due to improper digestion of food, excess of stress and excess secretion of HCl².

It was reported that ranitidine 5 mg/kg body weight has shown complete cure of ulcer and also reduce the peptic activity. Cassia Mimosoides bark extract are widely used by the tribals of south Orissa to heal gastric ulcers and relief from stomach pain without precipitating any side effects but there is no scientific proof to prove this in literature. So the present study was conducted to test anti ulcer activity of Methanolic extract of Cassia Mimosoides bark compared to establish upon a scientific proof with ranitidine in shay rat model.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Cassia Mimosoides Bark Methanol Extract. Ranitidine was used as standard drug.The other reagents used were Topfer’s reagent, 0.01N Sodium hydroxide, Tyrosine, Folin’s Phenol reagent etc.

Preparation of extract:

The dried, powdered plants about 2kg was extracted with methanol (95.5%) in soxhlet apparatus. The extraction procedure was carried out until the solvent system becomes clear. The extract was collected and concentrated by evaporating the solvent completely. This extract was dried in vaccuo and stored in refrigerator for our pharmacological evaluations.³

Animals:

Adult shay rats of either sex (150-200 g) were used in the present studies approximate same age. The animals were fed with standard pellet diet and water ad libitam. All the animals were housed in polypropylene cages. The animals were kept under alternate cycle of 12 hours of dark and light.

The animals were acclimatized to the laboratory condition for 1 week before starting the experiment.

The experimental protocol was performed in University Department of Pharmaceutical sciences, Utkal University Bhubaneswar with due permission from institutional animal ethical committee (Reg. No. 990/C/06/CPCSEA) and accordance with CPCSEA guidelines.

Studies in shay rat:

Albino rats of either sex were used in our studies. Rats weighing 150-160gms were fasted for 24hr⁴. Care was taken to avoid coprophagy. Under Ether anesthesia the pylorus ligation was made. Drugs were administered orally soon after recovery from anesthesia. The control animals were administered 1% Carboxy methyl cellulose suspension. One group received Ranitidine 5mg/kg body weight in 1% Carboxy methyl cellulose. Methanol extract of Cassia Mimosoides bark 200, 400 and 800mg/kg body weight dose were administered to pairs of shay rats orally just after recovery from anesthesia. A dose of 200, 400, 800mg/kg were administered to six no of rats in each group. There is no significant result in 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg but in 800mg/kg of methanol extract shows significant result in inhibition of Volume of Gastric Juice(VGJ),Free Acidity(FA),Total Acidity(TA),Peptic Activity(PA),Ulcer Index(UI), however there is reduction in VGJ (28.88%), FA (58.59%), TA (62.73%), PA (18.72%), UI (100%) in comparison to control. The animals were maintained without food and water for 24hr after pylorus ligation and were killed by spinal traction. The abdomen was opened; the esophagus end of stomach was isolated with its contents intact. The greater curvature of the stomach was cut longitudinally and the gastric juice was collected into a beaker and washings were collected in to a beaker. Distilled water 9ml was added and centrifuge. The volume of the supernatant liquid was measured and aliquots were taken to determine the total acidity, free acidity, peptic activity of gastric juice. The stomach mucosa was observed for ulcer after washing with stream of tap water.

Total acidity:

A volume of 2ml diluted gastric juice was titrated with 0.01 N sodium hydroxide run from a micro burette using phenolphthalein as an indicator and the acidity was expressed as mg.HCL/100gm body weight of rat.

Free acidity:

It is determined in a similar manner using Toffer’s reagent as an indicator and sodium hydroxide was run until canary yellow color was observed.

Peptic activity:

The activity was expressed as µ mol Tyrosine/100gm body weight⁵.

Ulcer index:

The method of Anderson and Soman(1965) was used for scoring the ulcer index⁶.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Results are interpreted in the table and shown in figure. Ranitidine significantly reduced total acidity, free acidity, peptic activity and ulcer index. Ranitidine also reduces the volume of gastric juice secretion. In case of preliminary study with 200mg/kg body weight dose of Methanolic bark extract of Cassia Mimosoides indicated that this dose has shown no effect on ulceration. However there is reduction in VGJ(3.83%),FA(40.65%), TA(45.89%), PA(6.87%), UI(36.7%) and in case of 400mg/kg body weight dose Cassia Mimosoides bark of Methanolic extract indicated that this dose has shown no effect on ulceration however there is reduction in VGJ(3.83%), FA(47.15%), TA(49.25%), PA(12.91%), UI(68.35%) in comparison to control. On the basis of the dose administered 800mg/kg body weight of Cassia Mimosoides bark of Methanolic extract gives similar degree of protection against ulcerations given by 2mg/kg and 5mg/kg of ranitidine in shay rats however there is reduction in VGJ(1.7%),FA(56.91%), TA(62.31%), PA(18.15%), UI(100%).

Effect of Methanol extract of Cassia Mimosoides on volume gastric juice,Free acidity,Total acidity,Peptic activity,Ulcer index and % reduction in shay rats and its comparison with ranitidine.

Group

Dose

Vol. of gastric juice in ml

FA(free acidity)

mgHCl/100gm

TA(total acidity)

mgHCl/100gm

Peptic activity

µmoletyrosine/100gm

UI(ulcer index)

Control(+)

3.91+0.09

1.23+0.18

12.68+0.11

1590.33+31.66

3.16+0.

Ranitidine (S1)

2mg/kg

(33.24)

** 2.61+0.14

(30.89)

** 0.85+0.05

(52.98)

** 11.26+0.10

(10.08)

1430+5.176

(36.70)

2+0

Ranitidine (S2)

5mg/kg

(56.52)

** 1.7+0.089

(46.34)

** 0.66+0.05

(64.17)

** 10.96+0.05

(13.07)

1382.33+5.006

(100)

0+0

methanol extract

200mg/kg

(3.83)

4.06+0.081

(40.65)

1.73+0.08

(45.89)

11.45+0.05

(6.87)

1481+1.974

(36.70)

2+0

methanol extract

400mg/kg

(3.83)

4.01+0.11

(47.15)

** 0.65+0.05

(49.25)

** 11.36+0.05

(12.91)

** 1385+0

(68.35)

1+0

methanol extract

800mg/kg

(1.7)

3.98+0.09

(56.91)

** 0.53+0.05

(62.31)

** 11.01+0.00

(18.15)

** 1301.66+38.55

(100)

0+0

F Value

183.365

83.44

581.37

166.935

n=6,value expressed as mean+SD; One way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s t-test; * : P<0.05 ** : P<0.01; Value in () represents percentage in reduction

FIG: Effect of Methanol extract of Cassia Mimosoides on volume gastric juice, Free acidity, Total acidity, Peptic activity, Ulcer index and % reduction in shay rats and its comparison with ranitidine.

It is definitely giving protection to stomach mucosa from higher acidity and the acidity thus formed are probably neutralized⁷ or the active constituent present in this extract might be blocking acid secretion.

REFERENCES:

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Received on 06.05.2011

Accepted on 10.06.2011

Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 3(4): July- August 2011, 166-168